Here's a thing I posted to Facebook about a year ago:

Okay, remember how I didn't highly value almost any of the nonfiction that I'd read? Well I just listened to Principles for Dealing with the Changing World Order, by Ray Dalio. Absolutely loved it; almost immediately started listening to it over again from the beginning. It describes Dalio's framework for thinking about big historical trends and swings, and what causes them. It reminds me of reading Marx, except (sorry Marx fans) it actually makes sense to me as a close-to-gears-level model of what's "broadly going on" in history, and how that might play out in the future.

I had already listened to Principles: Life and Work, which I also liked, but less intensely, if that sounds like more your style.

And if you want a longer list, I also wrote this:

In the saga of "a very picky person searches for the very rare nonfiction books that were worth the time it took to read them", "The Making of the Atomic Bomb" is such a book. I'm not entirely finished, but it's simultaneously broad, deep, and insightful. As with most of the books on the list, I wish I'd read it much younger.

The list so far (though I may be forgetting some):

• The Soul of a New Machine (Tracy Kidder)
• Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs (Abelson & Sussman)
• Our Mathematical Universe (Max Tegmark)
• Inadequate Equilibria (Eliezer Yudkowsky)
• Legal Systems Very Different From Ours (David Friedman)
• The Cuckoo's Egg (Cliff Stoll)
• Principles for Dealing with the Changing World Order (Ray Dalio)
• The Making of the Atomic Bomb (Richard Rhodes)

Also a bunch of borderline ones:

• The Strategy of Conflict (Thomas Schelling)
• The Power Broker (Robert Caro)
• The Tao is Silent (Raymond Smullyan)
• Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman (Richard Feynman)

I'd recommend two memoirs -- not sure if they would be your thing or not. They don't clearly fit into what you've described.

1. In The Dream House by Carmen Maria Machado. Her writing is kind of surreal and very enjoyable to read IMO. It's about her experience in an abusive lesbian relationship. I think it's my favorite book.

2. Troubled by Rob Henderson. He's very smart but had a very rough childhood in foster care. He highlights how foster care is associated with very bad outcomes (even if you control for socioeconomic status). Near the end of the book he finds himself in a prestigious university and gets culture shock. He talks about his dislike of modern-day leftist views on privilege (they say he's privileged because he's a straight cis man, and he's un-privileged because he's a POC, but they don't acknowledge the massive impact of his childhood). Satisfying for me to read since I don't hear this perspective much and it matches my feelings in many ways.